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Directions taken from the sky
west · — · —
names 18languages 4
The names
tribal 15 · borrowed 3
| Name | Language | Meaning | Register |
|---|---|---|---|
| Farayin / Farain | Gondi Nagpur region: Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Gondia (Maharashtra), Adilabad (Telangana), Balaghat, Seoni, Mandla (Madhya Pradesh) | Farayin at Nimni, Farain at Matharjun. Two of fifteen villages. | tribal |
| Kalvada / Kalwada | Gondi Nagpur region: Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Gondia (Maharashtra), Adilabad (Telangana), Balaghat, Seoni, Mandla (Madhya Pradesh) | Kalvada at Nimni, Kalwada at Matharjun. At Kesalapur the north is held to be inauspicious (p. 35), and burials are laid with the head to the south because, in the informants' words, bad people come from the north. | tribal |
| Silalin / Shilain; Sukral | Gondi Nagpur region: Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Gondia (Maharashtra), Adilabad (Telangana), Balaghat, Seoni, Mandla (Madhya Pradesh) | Silalin at Nimni and Shilain at Matharjun; Sukral was given for east at Kharmat (p. 36). Names for the four quarters were recorded in two of fifteen villages. | tribal |
| Talvada / Talwada; Rakshas Disha | Gondi Nagpur region: Chandrapur, Yavatmal, Gondia (Maharashtra), Adilabad (Telangana), Balaghat, Seoni, Mandla (Madhya Pradesh) | Talvada at Nimni, Talwada at Matharjun. At Lodha the south is called Rakshas Disha (p. 38). | tribal |
| Kaland (Kakban); Telganam (Dubaguda) | Kolami Kolam villages of Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, and adjoining Adilabad, Telangana | The two villages give opposite answers, and both are recorded here. | tribal |
| Potkurina / Potkuranai; Suryatu | Kolami Kolam villages of Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, and adjoining Adilabad, Telangana | Suryatu 'the sunrise direction' The two villages that gave the quarters, Dubaguda and Kakban, agree on east and west and contradict each other on north and south. | tribal |
| Potpadna / Potpodnavai | Kolami Kolam villages of Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, and adjoining Adilabad, Telangana | Agreed between the two villages that gave the quarters. | tribal |
| Telagnaam (Kakban); Kalam (Dubaguda) | Kolami Kolam villages of Yavatmal and Chandrapur districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, and adjoining Adilabad, Telangana | See the northern quarter: the two villages give opposite answers. | tribal |
| Agneya | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | Agni's quarter One of six villages. | borrowed |
| Dakshin | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | One of six villages. | borrowed |
| Dharau; Ishan | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | One of six villages. | tribal |
| Dongari | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | 'the hills' One of six villages. | tribal |
| Pashim | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | One of six villages. | borrowed |
| Suryatal | Lambadi (Banjara) Banjara tandas of Vidarbha, Maharashtra (villages in the Nagpur–Amravati–Yavatmal region) | 'the Sun's direction' — where the Sun rises One of six villages gave the full set of quarters. | tribal |
| Dongari, olau, dongarau | Pardhi fourteen Pardhi villages of the Amravati and Yeotmal districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, surveyed 2016-2018 | 'of the hill' Glossed with Marathi uttar. ḍoṅgar is the hill or mountain. | tribal |
| Suryasambar, Khuryakhambar, Hetlyawai, vand, Vandh, nikalato | Pardhi fourteen Pardhi villages of the Amravati and Yeotmal districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, surveyed 2016-2018 | 'the sun's post'; 'it comes out' Glossed by the paper with Marathi pūrva. Six words for one direction, of which two name the sun's pillar and one is a verb of emerging. | tribal |
| rakshasbaku, Dakhani, dakhanau, Mahuri, Hetawas | Pardhi fourteen Pardhi villages of the Amravati and Yeotmal districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, surveyed 2016-2018 | 'the demon's mouth' Glossed with Marathi dakṣiṇ. The paper's vocabulary table gives baku for 'mouth'. | tribal |
| upalyawai, Dubato, baend | Pardhi fourteen Pardhi villages of the Amravati and Yeotmal districts, Vidarbha, Maharashtra, surveyed 2016-2018 | 'it drowns', 'it sinks' Glossed with Marathi paścima. Dubato is the ordinary verb for sinking or drowning. | tribal |
Sources
- Vahia & Halkare, 'Aspects of Gond Astronomy', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 16(1), 29-44 (2013); preprint arXiv:1306.2416, Table 5 row 6, p. 39 link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, Kishore Menon and Harini Calamur, 'The astronomy of two Indian tribes: the Banjaras and the Kolams', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(1), 65-84 (2014), Appendix 1.2.1 (Dubaguda), p. 79 and 1.2.10 (Kakban), p. 84 link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, Kishore Menon and Harini Calamur, 'The astronomy of two Indian tribes: the Banjaras and the Kolams', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(1), 65-84 (2014), Table 2 row 22, p. 71, and Appendix 1.2.1 (Dubaguda), p. 79 and 1.2.10 (Kakban), p. 84 link
- M.N. Vahia, Ganesh Halkare, Kishore Menon and Harini Calamur, 'The astronomy of two Indian tribes: the Banjaras and the Kolams', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 17(1), 65-84 (2014), Appendix 1.1.2 (Phulumari), p. 78 link
- Ganesh Halkare, Purushottam Dahedar, Wayne Orchiston and M.N. Vahia, 'Astronomy of the Pardhi tribe of central India', Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 22(1), 179-194 (2019), Table 4, p. 184 link