भरणी Bharaṇī

Group = 35, 39, 41 Arietis (obsolete Musca Borealis). Burgess: the 'southern' designation is ambiguous; 41 Ari (brighter, nearer ecliptic) 'would seem more likely', but 'the defined position, however, agrees better with 35', which he adopts. Many modern lists prefer 41 Arietis.

THREE stars, bhaga-shaped (the female pudendum, i.e. a triangle), deity Yama, gotra Bhārgavīya. Three stars in a triangle = 35, 39, 41 Arietis — which settles that the asterism is the whole triad and makes Burgess's agonising over which one is the yogatārā a question about the junction-star only. The bhaga figure explains the alternative name Apabharaṇī and the Yama/death associations.

Verbatim from the Sanskrit Wikisource Gaṇapāṭha page, gaṇa no. 237, with the gaṇa heading and its sūtra reference prefixed by me and separated by a dash; the material after the dash is continuous text from the source, with a leading ellipsis marking the omitted earlier part of the list.

WEAK AND CLEARLY POST-PĀṆINIAN — recorded for completeness of the negative finding. Bharaṇī does not occur in Pāṇini's sūtras, nor in the surviving Mahābhāṣya in any astronomical sense (the two bharaṇ- hits there, at 2.1.1, are bharaṇīyaḥ 'to be maintained'). It occurs only in the gaṇapāṭha, in the suṣāmādi gaṇa on 8.3.98, as the first member of the personal names bharaṇī-ṣeṇaḥ / bharaṇī-senaḥ, alongside rohiṇī-ṣeṇaḥ and śatabhiṣak-ṣenaḥ — a cluster of asterism-based personal names that is itself interesting, but the gaṇapāṭha is transmitted separately from the sūtrapāṭha and demonstrably accreted, so nothing here can carry the Pāṇinian date. The modern_star field is copied from the standard identification and is not supported by anything in this source.

Devanagari transcribed by the compiler from the page FACSIMILE of the Ray edition (Calcutta 1899), scan leaf n216 = printed p. 114–115: https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.292705/page/n216.jpg . The archive.org OCR of this volume is unusable for Devanagari, so no verse here is taken from the OCR text; every figure was re-read at full scan resolution and cross-checked against a second independent scan of the same edition (https://archive.org/download/siddhantadarpanachandrashekarsimha1897_252_Z/page/n217.jpg). Round brackets and the figures in them are the PRINTED EDITION'S own: (n) is the serial number of the asterism/star and the figure following it is the edition's decoding of the bhūtasaṅkhyā word-numeral that precedes it. These are the two printed segments of the dhruva list (vv. 2–6) and the śara list (vv. 7–10) that carry this asterism's own figures; the complete verses are given under db_id 'yogatara-catalog'.

SIDDHĀNTA DARPAṆA XII (Sāmanta, 1869): dhruva (polar longitude) 21°00', śara (polar latitude) 11°00' north. The direction comes from XII.11, which makes the śara southern for the asterisms numbered 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 16–21 and 24 and northern for all the rest; XII.12–13 give the asterism 3 star(s). TRUE VALUES for 1870 CE, reduced to Sāmanta's OWN sidereal zero (his Citrā = 179°, i.e. Spica; implied ayanāṃśa 22°12'), as polar longitude / polar latitude: 41 Ari 20°50' / 10°58'; 35 Ari 19°11' / 11°53'. VAṬEŚVARA-SIDDHĀNTA VIII.2.1–2 (904 CE) puts the same junction star at Meṣa 20° (= 20°00' measured from the sidereal origin) with a śara of 12°00' north (VIII.2.5–6, direction by VIII.2.8). ★ BEARS ON THE DISPUTED CHOICE WITHIN THE TRIAD. Sāmanta's 21° / 11° N matches 41 Arietis (20°50' / 10°58') to 10' and 2' respectively, while 35 Arietis — the star Burgess adopted — is 1°49' off in longitude and 53' off in latitude. Sāmanta therefore sides with the modern lists that prefer 41 Arietis as the junction star. XII.12 counts three stars in the asterism (35, 39, 41 Arietis), and XII.21 makes the SOUTHERN one of the group the yogatārā. Vaṭeśvara's older figures point the other way (see the Vaṭeśvara entry): his śara of 12° is a better fit to 35 Arietis.

This is the printed segment of the continuous dhruvaka list (VIII.2.1–2) that carries this star's own figure; the star's kṣepa is item no. 2 of the unbroken numeral run of VIII.2.5–6, which cannot be split, so the whole passage is also given verbatim under db_id 'yogatara-catalog'. Devanagari transcribed by the compiler from the page FACSIMILE of K. S. Shukla's INSA edition of the Sanskrit text, scan leaf n317 = printed p. 293: https://archive.org/download/VatesvaraSiddhantaSanskritText/page/n317.jpg . The archive.org OCR is unusable for Devanagari. The SQUARE brackets and the figures inside them are the EDITION'S own decoding of the bhūtasaṅkhyā word-numerals, reproduced here so that no numeral is silently converted. Shukla's English translation and notes are in copyright: they are neither quoted nor relied on here — only the constituted mūla text and the edition's numeric glosses.

VAṬEŚVARA-SIDDHĀNTA VIII.2 (904 CE) gives the junction star's dhruvaka (polar longitude) as Meṣa 20° — Vaṭeśvara states the dhruvakas as degrees WITHIN each zodiacal sign, not as absolute longitudes, so this is 20°00' from the sidereal origin — and its kṣepa (polar latitude, VIII.2.5–6) as 12°00', north by the rule of VIII.2.8 (a verse the edition notes is identical with Brahmagupta's Khaṇḍakhādyaka I.9.13). TRUE VALUES for 904 CE reduced to Vaṭeśvara's own sidereal zero (his Citrā = 3° of Libra = 183°), as polar longitude / polar latitude: 41 Ari 24°12' / 11°07'; 35 Ari 22°33' / 12°02'. For comparison Sāmanta (1869) gives 21°00' / 11°00' north. Vaṭeśvara's śara of 12° fits 35 Arietis (12°02' in his frame) better than 41 Arietis (11°07'), the opposite of what Sāmanta's figures indicate. The two texts disagree about which star of the triad is the junction star.

Verbatim parallels from the two earlier Chinese versions of the same Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna material, and the Tang commentator's note on the Chinese star-count: 摩登伽經 (Mātaṅga-sūtra) T21n1300, T21.0405a27: 「胃有三星，形如鼎足，一日一夜共月而俱，胡麻為祭，屬於閻神，其姓拔伽。有此七星，在於北方。」 | 舍頭諫太子二十八宿經 T21n1301, T21.0416a04: 「長息宿者，有五要星，其五要星其形類軻，行三十須臾而侍從矣，以麋為食，主于炎天，姓號曰佳。是為七宿，屬于北方。』」 | Yang Jingfeng's interlinear note in T21n1299 at T21.0390c14: 「景風曰：中國天文，胃三星，形如角，主兵軍，西方之宿也」

Chinese lunar lodge (xiu) 胃 Wei; T1301 renders the name semantically as 長息 ('Long Breath / Grown Offspring'). THREE stars in T1299 and T1300, YAMA in all three, SESAME food, and BHĀRGAVA as the gotra in T1300 (拔伽) — matching the Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna's tritāraṃ bhaga-saṃsthānaṃ … tila-taṇḍūlāhāraṃ yamadaivataṃ bhārgavīyaṃ gotreṇa. THE FIGURE IS THE FINDING: the database currently glosses the Sanskrit bhaga-saṃsthāna as 'the female pudendum, i.e. a triangle'. T1299 prints 形如三角 'its form is a triangle' and T1300 prints 形如鼎足 'its form is like the feet of a tripod cauldron' — two independent Chinese witnesses that read the figure as a TRIANGLE, confirming the gloss and the identification with the triad 35, 39, 41 Arietis. Chinese astronomy also gives Wei three stars.