उत्तराषाढा Uttarāṣāḍhā

Burgess: 'its northern and junction-star can be no other than σ (2.3)... notwithstanding the error in the Hindu determination of its latitude, which led Colebrooke to regard τ (4.3) as the star intended'. Called vaiśva (of the Viśve Devāḥ) in 8.4.

FOUR stars, shaped like an elephant's stride (gajavikrama-saṃsthāna), deity Viśva (the Viśve Devāḥ), gotra Maudgalāyanīya. The Viśvadeva lordship agrees with the Vedic lists and with the Sūrya Siddhānta's vaiśva.

Devanagari transcribed by the compiler from the page FACSIMILE of the Ray edition (Calcutta 1899), scan leaf n216 = printed p. 114–115: https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.292705/page/n216.jpg . The archive.org OCR of this volume is unusable for Devanagari, so no verse here is taken from the OCR text; every figure was re-read at full scan resolution and cross-checked against a second independent scan of the same edition (https://archive.org/download/siddhantadarpanachandrashekarsimha1897_252_Z/page/n217.jpg). Round brackets and the figures in them are the PRINTED EDITION'S own: (n) is the serial number of the asterism/star and the figure following it is the edition's decoding of the bhūtasaṅkhyā word-numeral that precedes it. These are the two printed segments of the dhruva list (vv. 2–6) and the śara list (vv. 7–10) that carry this asterism's own figures; the complete verses are given under db_id 'yogatara-catalog'.

SIDDHĀNTA DARPAṆA XII (Sāmanta, 1869): dhruva (polar longitude) 256°30', śara (polar latitude) 3°40' south. The direction comes from XII.11, which makes the śara southern for the asterisms numbered 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 16–21 and 24 and northern for all the rest; XII.12–13 give the asterism 4 star(s). TRUE VALUES for 1870 CE, reduced to Sāmanta's OWN sidereal zero (his Citrā = 179°, i.e. Spica; implied ayanāṃśa 22°12'), as polar longitude / polar latitude: σ Sgr 258°39' / -3°26'. VAṬEŚVARA-SIDDHĀNTA VIII.2.1–2 (904 CE) puts the same junction star at Dhanus 20° (= 260°00' measured from the sidereal origin) with a śara of 6°00' south (VIII.2.5–6, direction by VIII.2.8).

This is the printed segment of the continuous dhruvaka list (VIII.2.1–2) that carries this star's own figure; the star's kṣepa is item no. 21 of the unbroken numeral run of VIII.2.5–6, which cannot be split, so the whole passage is also given verbatim under db_id 'yogatara-catalog'. Devanagari transcribed by the compiler from the page FACSIMILE of K. S. Shukla's INSA edition of the Sanskrit text, scan leaf n317 = printed p. 293: https://archive.org/download/VatesvaraSiddhantaSanskritText/page/n317.jpg . The archive.org OCR is unusable for Devanagari. The SQUARE brackets and the figures inside them are the EDITION'S own decoding of the bhūtasaṅkhyā word-numerals, reproduced here so that no numeral is silently converted. Shukla's English translation and notes are in copyright: they are neither quoted nor relied on here — only the constituted mūla text and the edition's numeric glosses.

VAṬEŚVARA-SIDDHĀNTA VIII.2 (904 CE) gives the junction star's dhruvaka (polar longitude) as Dhanus 20° — Vaṭeśvara states the dhruvakas as degrees WITHIN each zodiacal sign, not as absolute longitudes, so this is 260°00' from the sidereal origin — and its kṣepa (polar latitude, VIII.2.5–6) as 6°00', south by the rule of VIII.2.8 (a verse the edition notes is identical with Brahmagupta's Khaṇḍakhādyaka I.9.13). TRUE VALUES for 904 CE reduced to Vaṭeśvara's own sidereal zero (his Citrā = 3° of Libra = 183°), as polar longitude / polar latitude: σ Sgr 262°18' / -3°17'. For comparison Sāmanta (1869) gives 256°30' / 3°40' south. Vaṭeśvara's list is essentially the inherited Sūrya-Siddhānta/Brahmagupta set: it is a fourth independent witness to those values rather than a fresh observation.

Verbatim parallels from the two earlier Chinese versions of the same Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna material, and the Tang commentator's note on the Chinese star-count: 摩登伽經 (Mātaṅga-sūtra) T21n1300, T21.0405a12: 「斗有四星，形如象步，於一日半與月同行，桃花祭之，屬凶惡神，姓伽羅延。」 | 舍頭諫太子二十八宿經 T21n1301, T21.0415c14: 「北魚宿者，有四要星，其形類象，南廣北狹，行四十五須臾而侍從矣，以蜜餳為食，主種殖天，姓向所作。」 | Yang Jingfeng's interlinear note in T21n1299 at T21.0390a13: 「景風曰：中國天文，斗六星，主江湖，北方之宿也」

Chinese lunar lodge (xiu) 斗 Dou; T1301 renders the name semantically as 北魚 ('Northern Fish'). FOUR stars and an ELEPHANT'S-STRIDE figure in T1299 and T1300 (象步 = gajavikrama-saṃsthānam), with T1301 keeping the elephant; T1299's deity 毘說 = Viśva matches viśva-daivatam (the Viśve Devāḥ) and its food 蜜…稻花 matches madhu-lājāhāram. The 45-muhūrta value is confirmed by T1301 and by T1300's summary list of the six long asterisms. Chinese astronomy gives Dou six stars.