Marathi
names 81objects 40ISO 639-3 mar
Spoken in Bombay Presidency (Deccan and Konkan), Dharwar district (Deshasth Brahman community, Marathi-speaking), Maharashtra, Rajapur / southern Konkan, Satara district, Deccan.
vernacular 9 · folk 30 · borrowed 25
See the Marathi sky on the chart →
The sky in Marathi
| Name | Object | Meaning | Register |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rohini | Aldebaran | thunder in Rohiṇī portends a Boterun — seventy-two days without rain; lightning from a clear sky in the same asterism causes Rohini-tap, 'the burning heat of Rohiṇī' | borrowed |
| देवयानी devayānī | Andromeda | Devayani One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The eighth-magnitude star of 1885 is S Andromedae; the great nebula in the same पुंज is described at p. 186. | vernacular |
| अडवण्या aḍavaṇyā | Antares | the obstructors / hinderers names both the asterism and the rain that falls under it | folk |
| दडप्या daḍapyā | Arcturus | the pressers-down so called because this rain flattens the standing crop | folk |
| नौका naukā | Argo Navis (Carina) | the ship One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). नौका is the undivided Argo; the 46-year variable described is η Carinae, so the app hangs the name on Carina. Muley (1993) names the IAU quarters separately (नौतल, पिच्छल, पाल). | vernacular |
| सारथी sārathī | Auriga | the charioteer One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). A calque of Auriga; the star described is Nova Aurigae 1891. | vernacular |
| Agastya | Canopus | a heliacal-rising marker: every Brahman must worship it within seven days of its first appearance, on pain of seven months' pollution | borrowed |
| अगस्ति agasti | Canopus | — | borrowed |
| शर्मिष्ठा śarmiṣṭhā | Cassiopeia | Sharmishtha One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). | vernacular |
| म्हातारा mhātārā | Castor and Pollux | the old fellow cultivators' name for the seventh nakṣatra and its rain; paired with तरणा 'the youngster' for Puṣya | folk |
| थोरला कुंवर thōralā kuṃvara | Castor and Pollux | the elder son / the big boy cultivators' name for the seventh nakṣatra | folk |
| दक्षिणर्क्ष dakṣiṇarkṣa | Centaurus | the southern asterism/bear Dikshit's own coinage, paired with त्रिशंकु: he reads Crux + the bright Centaurus stars as a southern counterpart of the Saptarshi. Used working-style at p. 184 ('दक्षिणर्क्ष सातवी' = α Centauri) and p. 185 (ω Centauri). | vernacular |
| नरतुरंग narturaṅga | Centaurus | the man-horse One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The two first-magnitude stars are α and β Centauri. | vernacular |
| वृषपर्वा vṛṣaparvā | Cepheus | Vrishaparva (Sharmishtha's father) One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The bright star between the two figures is Tycho's supernova of 1572. | vernacular |
| तिमिंगल timiṅgala | Cetus | the whale (whale-swallower) One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). Mira is glossed अद्भुत 'the wonderful' — a Marathi rendering of the Latin name. | vernacular |
| शेंडेनक्षत्र śēṇḍēnakṣatra | Comets | the topknot star / crested asterism | vernacular |
| उत्तरमुकुट uttaramukuṭa | Corona Borealis | the northern crown One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The 1866 nova is T Coronae Borealis. | vernacular |
| Hasti Nakshatra | Corvus | the Elephant asterism names the heavy westerly downpour of September, distinguished by cultivators from the regular south-west monsoon | folk |
| हत्ती hattī | Corvus | elephant हत्तीचें उथाण, the sultriness of the Hasta period; Pr. पडेल हत्ती तर पाडील भिंती, 'if the elephant falls it will bring down walls' — of torrential rain | folk |
| हत्तीबार hattībāra | Corvus | the elephant-crop the second fruit crop of the year, ripening under Hasta | folk |
| स्वस्तिक svastika | Crux (the Southern Cross) | the svastika One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). | vernacular |
| त्रिशंकु triśaṅku | Crux (the Southern Cross) | Trishanku (the king suspended in mid-sky) Dikshit's own coinage, argued from his southern-Saptarshi theory (the Trishanku legend told in full on the same page) and used working-style at p. 184 ('त्रिशंकु दुसरी' = α Crucis among the double stars). | vernacular |
| हंस haṃsa | Cygnus | the swan Dikshit's own philology of the name: an admitted translation of the Western Swan, defended as belonging to the tradition because kavya and purana describe swans bathing in the आकाशगंगा — which the constellation in fact sits in. | vernacular |
| यमुनानदी yamunānadī | Eridanus | the river Yamuna One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The first-magnitude star described is Achernar. The book's own index has 'यमुना तारकापुंज ३९'. | vernacular |
| शौरि śauri | Hercules | Shauri (Krishna, the hero) One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). शौरि renders the hero Hercules; the passage describes the solar apex, toward which 'our sun with its family' travels. | vernacular |
| Vāyu-maṇḍal, Varuṇa-maṇḍal, Indra-maṇḍal, Agni-maṇḍal | Meteors and shooting stars | 'the circle of Vāyu (wind), of Varuṇa (waters), of Indra, of Agni (fire)' A meteor is auspicious or baneful according to which group it is seen to fall from: out of the Vāyu-maṇḍal it portends an epidemic; out of the Varuṇa-maṇḍal it is favourable to human happiness; out of the Indra-maṇḍal it forebodes danger to all kings; out of the Agni-maṇḍal it threatens war between nations. Enthoven adds that during the monsoon the rain is expected in whatever direction a meteor shoots, and that in the Kanara District a meteor falling into the sea is held to promise rain — the same event read as a threat inland and as a blessing on the coast. | borrowed |
| अस्मानतारा asmānatārā | Meteors and shooting stars | sky-star | vernacular |
| तारा tārā | Meteors and shooting stars | star तारे तुटणें, 'the stars break off', is the Marathi idiom for meteors | borrowed |
| अंधळें नक्षत्र andhaḷēṃ nakṣatra | Nakṣatra (star / asterism (generic)) | a blind asterism used in divining for lost property | folk |
| भुजगधारी bhujagadhārī | Ophiuchus | the serpent-holder One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). A calque of Ophiuchus; the star described is Kepler's supernova of 1604. | vernacular |
| Mrig | Orion | reaches the zenith at midnight on a fixed day, which is how the lunar months are named | borrowed |
| मृग mṛga | Orion | deer, antelope Pr. मृगाचे अधीं पेरावें आणि बोंबेचे अधीं पळावें — 'sow before Mṛg, run before the shout'; the onset of the monsoon in Maharashtra is dated to this asterism | borrowed |
| मृगशितळाई mṛgaśitaḷāī | Orion | the Mṛga-coolness the damp chill at the break of the monsoon, under the Mṛga rains | folk |
| तिकांडें tikāṇḍēṃ | Orion's Belt | the three-shafted (thing) | vernacular |
| त्रिकांड्या trikāṇḍyā | Orion's Belt | having three shafts/arrows | vernacular |
| शर śara | Orion's Belt | arrow | borrowed |
| ययाति yayāti | Perseus | Yayati One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The mythological family is mapped as a set: ययाति (Perseus) beside देवयानी (Andromeda), शर्मिष्ठा (Cassiopeia), वृषपर्वा (Cepheus). | vernacular |
| याम्यमत्स्य yāmyamatsya | Piscis Austrinus | the southern fish One of the Sanskrit names for the Western constellations that Dikshit credits to Bal Shastri Jambhekar (d. 1846) and reports as current: 'पाश्चात्यांनीं कल्पिलेल्या बाकीच्या राशींस संस्कृत संज्ञा शास्त्री जांभेकर यांनीं दिल्या आहेत. त्याच हल्लीं मराठींत येतात.' (p. 35-36). The first-magnitude star described is Fomalhaut, one of the two bright stars Dikshit says the old Sanskrit texts missed. | vernacular |
| धाकटा कुंवर dhākaṭā kuṃvara | Praesepe and Cancer | the younger son / the little boy cultivators' name for the eighth nakṣatra | folk |
| तरणा taraṇā | Praesepe and Cancer | the young one तरणा पाऊस, 'the youngster-rain', the rain of the eighth nakṣatra | folk |
| बडवण्या baḍavaṇyā | Scorpius | beaters, mallets named from the heaviness of the rain | folk |
| लुब्धक lubdhaka | Sirius | hunter | borrowed |
| लोभी lōbhī | Sirius | greedy one | vernacular |
| व्याध vyādha | Sirius | huntsman | borrowed |
| अंधळ्या andhaḷyā | Spica | the blind ones names both the asterism and its rain | folk |
| चित्रांचे ऊन citrāñcē ūna | Spica | the heat of Citrā the hot spell of Caitra, while the sun is in Citrā; medicinal or magical virtues are attributed to it | folk |
| कडप्या kaḍapyā | Spica | the sheaves the rain falls when the bājrī sheaves are laid out to dry | folk |
| शकट śakaṭa | The Hyades | a cart | borrowed |
| Kavadgantak | The Milky Way | — | folk |
| Vastupurush | The Milky Way | the Vāstu-puruṣa, the cosmic man of the building site | folk |
| मंदाकिनी mandākinī | The Milky Way | — | borrowed |
| आकाशगंगा ākāśagaṅgā | The Milky Way | the sky-Ganges | borrowed |
| चांदणी cāndaṇī | The Moon | little moon (from चंद्र) the word is the ordinary one in weather and night-sky talk; Molesworth records under it a belief in a malign 'blast from the stars' | vernacular |
| Gadli | The Pleiades | used to predict the rise and fall of the cotton market | folk |
| काथ्या kāthyā | The Pleiades | — | borrowed |
| कात्या kātyā | The Pleiades | — | borrowed |
| कात्या kātyā | The Pleiades | कात्याचा पाऊस — the rain that falls under the Kṛttikā nakṣatra | borrowed |
| कृत्तिका kṛttikā | The Pleiades | — | borrowed |
| विंचू viñcū | The Pleiades | scorpion | folk |
| विंचू viñcū | The Pleiades | scorpion | folk |
| नक्षत्र nakṣatra | The lunar mansions as a system | नक्षत्रासारखा, 'brilliant as a constellation'; नक्षत्र पडणें (हातावर) 'to have itching hands, be given to thieving' | borrowed |
| वळवा vaḷavā | The lunar mansions as a system | the turned ones वळवाचा पाऊस, the late-monsoon rain that comes from the east | folk |
| वाफ vāpha | The lunar mansions as a system | the fit state of the ground for sowing; hence the sowing season the sowing seasons are named by asterism: मृगाची-हत्तीची-चित्राची-कृत्तिकेची-रोहिणीची वाफ | folk |
| Arundhati | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | Konkan death-divination: a person who cannot make out the pole star will die within six months, and some substitute Arundhatī for the pole star | borrowed |
| Khatale and Bagale | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | cot and bedstead the four bowl-stars are a cot with a man asleep on it; the three handle-stars are thieves | folk |
| अरुंधती arundhatī | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | — | borrowed |
| खाटलें khāṭalēṃ | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | a small bedstead, a cot | folk |
| खाटलें khāṭalēṃ | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | a small bedstead, a cot | folk |
| खाटलें बाजलें khāṭalēṃ bājalēṃ | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | cot-and-bedstead | folk |
| सप्तऋषि saptaṛṣi | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | the seven sages | borrowed |
| the seven seers | Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) | worshipped as seven cocoanuts by elderly women, married and widowed, on Ṛṣipañcamī, the bright fifth of Bhādrapada | borrowed |
| Tārā-bāras | Ursa Minor | 'the star twelfth', bāras being the twelfth day of the lunar fortnight Married couples are made to look at the pole star immediately after the priest ties the marriage knot; Enthoven names the rite in a footnote. The showing of Arundhatī to the bride, as a lesson in chastity, is the companion rite on the same page. | borrowed |
| ध्रुव dhruva | Ursa Minor | fixed, immovable | borrowed |
| ध्रुवमत्स्य dhruvamatsya | Ursa Minor | the pole-fish | vernacular |
| धुरु dhuru | Ursa Minor | — | borrowed |
| मेढ mēḍha | Ursa Minor | a forked stake used as a post | vernacular |
| मेढेमत mēḍhēmata | Ursa Minor | the doctrine of the pole-star the name of a non-Brahman astrological sect and of its practitioners (मेढेजोशी) | folk |
| चटकचांदणें caṭakacāndaṇēṃ | Venus | brilliant moonlight | vernacular |
| बैलमाऱ्या bailamāṟyā | Venus as morning star | bullock-killer a caravan name: travellers who start their cattle on the false dawn Jupiter announces | folk |
| उंदऱ्या undaṟyā | Viśākhā (ι Librae) | the rat-ones its rain is held to bring out rats, venomous reptiles and poisonous plants | folk |
| उंदऱ्यामांजऱ्या undaṟyāmāñjaṟyā | Viśākhā (ι Librae) | the rats-and-cats the first pair of rains breeds vermin, the second destroys it | folk |
Sources
- R. E. Enthoven, The Folklore of Bombay (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), p. 78 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 183 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. अडवण्या, p. 17 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. दडप्या, p. 400 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 182 link
- R. E. Enthoven, The Folklore of Bombay (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), p. 67 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. अगस्ति, p. 7 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. म्हातारा, p. 673 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. थोरला कुंवर, p. 398 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 36 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. शेंडेनक्षत्र, p. 799 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 182-183 link
- Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. XIX: Satara (Bombay: Government Central Press, 1885), p. 19 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. हत्ती, p. 885 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. हत्तीबार, p. 885 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 38 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 39 link
- S. B. Dikshit, Jyotirvilas, 2nd ed. (Bombay, 1893; 1st ed. 1892), p. 187 link
- R. E. Enthoven, The Folklore of Bombay (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), p. 71 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. अस्मानतारा, p. 56 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. तारा, p. 377 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. अंधळें नक्षत्र, p. 24 link
- R. E. Enthoven, The Folklore of Bombay (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), p. 64 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. मृग, p. 663 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. मृगशितळाई, p. 663 link
- J. T. Molesworth, A Dictionary, Marathi and English, 2nd ed. rev. and enl. (Bombay: Bombay Education Society's Press, 1857), s.v. तिकांडें, p. 378 link
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